What is the process by which a seed grows into a plant called?

• A. Pollination
• B. Photosynthesis
• C. Germination
• D. Fertilization

Answer: (C)

The process by which a seed grows into a plant is known as germination. During germination, the seed absorbs water, swells, and eventually breaks through the seed coat. This marks the beginning of the growth process, where the embryo inside the seed develops into a new plant. For germination to occur, certain conditions such as moisture, temperature, and sometimes light are essential. This stage is crucial as it leads to the establishment of a young plant, capable of further growth and development.

Other processes listed, such as pollination, photosynthesis, and fertilization, play different roles in the life cycle of plants. Pollination refers to the transfer of pollen from one flower to another, which is essential for reproduction but occurs after the plant has already grown. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, which is vital for the plant's growth and sustenance after germination. Fertilization involves the fusion of pollen and ovules to produce seeds, occurring before germination. Thus, germination specifically describes the initial growth phase of a seed into a plant.